JMIR Medical Education Evolution of Chatbots in Nursing Education: Narrative Review

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10 Of The Best Use Cases Of Educational Chatbots In 2023

Moreover, the complexity of designing and capturing all scenarios of how a user might engage with a chatbot also creates frustrations in interaction as expectations may not always be met for both parties (Brandtzaeg & Følstad, 2018). Hence, while ECs as conversational agents may have been projected to substitute learning platforms in the future (Følstad & Brandtzaeg, 2017), much is still to be explored from stakeholders’ viewpoint in facilitating such intervention. These automated conversational agents (Riel, 2020) have been significantly used to replicate customer service interaction (Holotescu, 2016) in various domains (Khan et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2021) to an extent it has become a common trend (Wang et al., 2021). This study demonstrates the substantial changes that chatbots bring into nursing education to make nursing practice more enjoyable. This integration aims at resolving several issues, including the lack of competitiveness from a global perspective and economic disparity, in essence to establish an integrated and dynamic learning environment.

Whether visual, auditory, or otherwise, chatbots offer a range of resources, formats, and instructional methods to accommodate diverse learning preferences. The application of the CHISM model in the evaluation of four AICs has provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of these tools in language learning. The model, which comprises three dimensions (LEX, DEX, UEX), has allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the AICs across multiple facets. When using a chatbot, the gathering of data and feedback from the students happens in a way that is organic and integrated into the learning experience — without the need for separate surveys or tests.

For example, they can be very good at handling routine queries and qualifying leads. Chatbots must be designed with strict privacy and security controls to safeguard sensitive information. We recommend using respond.io, an AI-powered customer conversation management software.

A chatbot, short for chatterbot, is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to conduct a conversation via auditory or textual methods and interacts with humans in their natural languages. These interactions usually occur through websites, messaging applications, or mobile apps, where the bot is capable of simulating and maintaining human-like conversations and perform different tasks (Adamopoulou & Moussiades, 2020). There’s a lot of fascinating research in the area of human-robot collaboration and human-robot teams.

• These enhance student satisfaction and reduce the workload on administrative staff.
• Discover different ways to create a chatbot and find out which one is best for you.
• It provides results in a conversational format and offers a user-friendly choice.
• Therefore, our paper focuses on reviewing and discussing the findings of these new-generation chatbots’ use in education, including their benefits and challenges from the perspectives of both educators and students.

Also, they facilitate job placements and internships, contributing to students’ career success and employability. AI chatbots serve as virtual campus tour guides for prospective students. It offers personalized tours and information about campus facilities, academic programs, and student life. Chatbots in education can save institutions over 30% in customer service costs.

She recently has developed the “d.bot,” which takes a software feature that many of us know through our experiences as customers — the chatbot — and deploys it instead as a tool for teaching and learning. Jenny Robinson, a member of the Stanford Digital Education team, discussed with Britos Cavagnaro what led to her innovation, how it’s working and what she sees as its future. Only four (11.11%) articles used chatbots that engage in user-driven conversations where the user controls the conversation and the chatbot does not have a premade response. For example, the authors in (Fryer et al., 2017) used Cleverbot, a chatbot designed to learn from its past conversations with humans. User-driven chatbots fit language learning as students may benefit from an unguided conversation. The authors in (Ruan et al., 2021) used a similar approach where students freely speak a foreign language.

Perceived Organizational Support

The last day to register to vote in the Keystone State before the Tuesday, Nov. 5 general election is Oct. 21., according to the Pennsylvania Department of State. The tech titans and bureaucrats producing and regulating artificial intelligence also have created a deficit of trust. You Pro costs $20 per month for unlimited GPT-4 and Stable Diffusion XL access.

Conversely, due to the novelty of ECs, the author has not found any studies pertaining to ECs in design education, project-based learning, and focusing on teamwork outcomes. The eligibility criteria were devised in accordance with the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design) framework [24]. The study inclusion criteria were meticulously outlined to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the selected research.

They can guide you through the process of deploying an educational chatbot and using it to its full potential. According to Kumar and Silva (2020), acceptance, facilities, and skills are still are a significant challenge to students and instructors. Chat GPT Similarly, designing and adapting chatbots into existing learning systems is often taxing (Luo & Gonda, 2019) as instructors sometimes have limited competencies and strategic options in fulfilling EC pedagogical needs (Sandoval, 2018).

It was presumed that students welcomed such interaction as it provided learning support and understood its significance. We know timely formative feedback can help students learn (Metcalfe, 2017). However, providing frequent quality feedback requires much time and effort from you and your teaching team.

Duplicated papers were removed using Covidence prior to the screening stages to ensure the integrity of the selection process. Three authors (SZ, XL, and WW) independently and in duplicate executed all screening stages and data extraction, resolving any discrepancies through consultation with the senior author (FZ). To ensure precision and uniformity in data, we formulated a comprehensive data extraction form (SZ and WW) that underwent subsequent refinement (SZ and FZ), in alignment with guidelines from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions [25].

Moreover, it facilitates continuous learning outside the classroom and offers 24/7 support and guidance. Carnegie Mellon University has developed an AI tutor called ALEKS (Assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces) that provides personalized learning experiences for students. In general, the studies conducting evaluation studies involved asking participants to take a test after being involved in an activity with the chatbot. The results of the evaluation studies (Table 12) point to various findings such as increased motivation, learning, task completeness, and high subjective satisfaction and engagement. One of them presented in (D’mello & Graesser, 2013) asks the students a question, then waits for the student to write an answer. Then the motivational agent reacts to the answer with varying emotions, including empathy and approval, to motivate students.

examples of chatbots in education: revolutionizing the learning experience

Striking a balance between these advantages and concerns is crucial for responsible integration in education. More recently, more sophisticated and capable chatbots amazed the world with their abilities. Among them, ChatGPT and Google Bard are among the most profound AI-powered chatbots. It was first announced in November 2022 and is available to the general public. ChatGPT’s rival Google Bard chatbot, developed by Google AI, was first announced in May 2023. Both Google Bard and ChatGPT are sizable language model chatbots that undergo training on extensive datasets of text and code.

Duolingo, a popular language learning app, has integrated chatbots to help users practice conversational skills in various languages. Through interactive dialogs and simulated conversations, learners can improve their speaking, listening, and comprehension skills in a low-pressure environment. In recent years, chatbots have emerged as powerful tools in various industries, including education.

Voice-based chatbots are more accessible to older adults and some special-need people (Brewer et al., 2018). An embodied chatbot has a physical body, usually in the form of a human, or a cartoon animal (Serenko et al., 2007), allowing them to exhibit facial expressions and emotions. The chatbot used pattern matching to emulate a psychotherapist conversing with a human patient. It used Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) to identify an accurate response to user input using knowledge records (AbuShawar and Atwell, 2015).

The surveyed articles used different types of empirical evaluation to assess the effectiveness of chatbots in educational settings. In some instances, researchers combined multiple evaluation methods, possibly to strengthen the findings. The teaching agents presented in the different studies used various approaches. For instance, some teaching agents recommended tutorials to students based upon learning styles (Redondo-Hernández & Pérez-Marín, 2011), students’ historical learning (Coronado et al., 2018), and pattern matching (Ondáš et al., 2019).

Teachers may rely on inadequate AI-writing detection tools and risk wrongly accusing students, or opt for student surveillance software, to ensure original work. We can distinguish between, for instance, search bots that are used by Google to index the content of the web, and feed bots that can look for news on the web and add it to news sites. You start browsing some offers, and after two minutes you get a proactive greeting informing you, for instance, about the latest promo offers.

You’ll be able to determine whether you need to build it from scratch or not. After the experiment, Roman Yampolskiy, the head of the CyberSecurity lab at the University of Louisville, said that Microsoft’s experiment proved that chatbots are like children. Microsoft’s experiment showed that there is still room for improvement in AI.

It has been scientifically proven that not everyone understands and learns in the same way. To cater to the needs of every student in terms of complex topics or subjects, chatbots can customize the learning plan and make sure that students gain maximum knowledge – in the classroom and even outside. Chatbots in education offer unparalleled accessibility, functioning as reliable virtual assistants that remain accessible around the clock. Much like a dedicated support system, they tirelessly cater to the needs of both students and teachers, providing prompt responses and assistance at any time, day or night. This kind of availability ensures that learners and educators can access essential information and support whenever they need it, fostering a seamless and uninterrupted learning experience. A detailed study of the worldwide distribution and categorization of chatbot research on nursing education is carried out with reference to international contexts, highlighting major contributions.

Businesses use chatbots to support customers and help them accomplish simple tasks without the help of a human agent. You can foun additiona information about ai customer service and artificial intelligence and NLP. Chatbots can be powered by pre-programmed responses or artificial intelligence and natural language processing. Based on the applied mechanism, they process human language to understand user queries and deliver matching answers. There are two main types of chatbots, which also tell us how they communicate — rule-based chatbots and AI chatbots. To get the most from an organization’s existing data, enterprise-grade chatbots can be integrated with critical systems and orchestrate workflows inside and outside of a CRM system.

Nevertheless, while this absence is inevitable, it also provides a potential for exploring innovations in educational technology across disciplines (Wang et al., 2021). Furthermore, according to Tegos et al. (2020), investigation on integration and application of chatbots is still warranted in the real-world educational settings. Therefore, the objective of this study is first to address research gaps based on literature, application, and design and development strategies for EC. Next, by situating the study based on these selected research gaps, the effectiveness of EC is explored for team-based projects in a design course using a quasi-experimental approach. The first question identifies the fields of the proposed educational chatbots, while the second question presents the platforms the chatbots operate on, such as web or phone-based platforms.

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Empirical articles, grounded in observations and experiences, constituted 3% (1/40) of the articles [32]. Phenomenological studies, delving into lived experiences and perceptions, comprised 3% (1/40) of the articles [33]. Proof-of-concept studies, showcasing the feasibility of an idea or approach, constituted 3% (1/40) of the articles [38].

Interestingly, the only peer agent that allowed for a free-style conversation was the one described in (Fryer et al., 2017), which could be helpful in the context of learning a language. Shows an overview of the platforms the educational chatbots operate on. Most researchers (25 articles; 69.44%) developed chatbots that operate on the web (Fig. 5). For example, KEMTbot (Ondáš et al., 2019) is a chatbot system that provides information about the department, its staff, and their offices.

By answering prospective students’ queries on courses, admissions, and the application process, chatbots simplify and speed up the enrolment process. The versatility of chatbots allows https://chat.openai.com/ for a range of applications in educational services. Adeel Akram, Senior Account Executive for respond.io, highlights the prominent use cases he encountered in the education field.

Ultimately, it leads to more effective teaching and improved student success rates. Chatbots for educational institutions streamline administrative processes. They help with enrollment and course registration to manage student records and academic logistics. They automate routine administrative tasks, saving valuable time and resources for both students and staff.

Jasper is dialed and trained for marketing and SEO writing tasks, which is perfect for website copy and blog posts. We all know that ChatGPT can sound somewhat robotic when using it for writing assignments. Jasper and Jasper Chat solved that issue long ago with its platform for generating text meant to be shared with customers and website visitors. ChatGPT Plus offers a slew of additional features—chief among these are its advanced AI models GPT 4 and Dalle 3. GPT 4 is the successor of GPT 3.5, which is even more proficient in writing code and understanding what you are trying to accomplish through conversations.

You.com can be used on a web browser, browser extension, or mobile app. It connects to various websites and services to gather data for the AI to use in its responses. This allows users to customize their experience by connecting to sources they are interested in. Pro users on You.com can switch between different AI models for even more control. This study aims to shed light on the evolution of chatbots in nursing education through data analysis of temporal trends. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow diagram facilitates a systematic search procedure, which guarantees a transparent and strict methodology.

The main objective was to determine the average responses by calculating the means, evaluate the variability in the data by measuring the standard deviation, and assess the distribution’s flatness through kurtosis. The landscape of mobile-application language learning (MALL) has been significantly reshaped in recent years with the incorporation of AICs (Pham et al., 2018). This innovative approach to mobile learning has been positively received by both students and teachers. For example, Chen et al. (2020) highlighted the effectiveness of AICs for Chinese vocabulary learning by comparing chatbot-based tutoring with traditional classroom settings. The study reported positive user feedback on the chatbot’s ease of use, usefulness, and enjoyment, as measured by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Why REVE Chat is Ideal for the Education Sector?

Chatbots automate workflows and free up employees from repetitive tasks. A chatbot can also eliminate long wait times for phone-based customer support, or even longer wait times for email, chat and web-based support, because they are available immediately to any number of users at once. That’s a great user experience—and satisfied customers are more likely to exhibit brand loyalty. With higher education chatbots, institutions can use data analytics to tailor educational content to students’ needs.

Companies introduce them into their business strategies because they help to automate customer communication and help improve customer engagement. IBM watsonx Assistant helps organizations provide better customer experiences with an AI chatbot that understands the language of the business, connects to existing customer care systems, and deploys anywhere with enterprise security and scalability. Watsonx Assistant automates repetitive tasks and uses machine learning to resolve customer support issues quickly and efficiently. Artificial intelligence can also be a powerful tool for developing conversational marketing strategies. Education Chatbots provide accessibility support for students with disabilities. They offer alternative formats for educational materials, assist with navigation, and provide accommodations.

With them, businesses engage website visitors proactively and, eventually, sell more products. Building your chatbot from the ground up is time-consuming, but it gives you total control over your chatbot. You can customize your AI agent to serve the particular needs of your customers, power it to solve complex problems, and integrate it with any platform you wish. SmarterChild was an intelligent chat interface built on AOL Instant Messenger in 2001 by ActiveBuddy, the brand creating conversational interfaces. Developed in 1995 by Richard Wallace, Alice was an NLP application that simulated a chat with a woman.

According to their relevance to our research questions, we evaluated the found articles using the inclusion and exclusion criteria provided in Table 3. The inclusion and exclusion criteria allowed us to reduce the number of articles unrelated to our research questions. Further, we excluded tutorials, technical reports, posters, and Ph.D. thesis since they are not peer-reviewed. Only a few studies partially tackled the principles guiding the design of the chatbots. For instance, Martha and Santoso (2019) discussed one aspect of the design (the chatbot’s visual appearance). This study focuses on the conceptual principles that led to the chatbot’s design.

In such a way, institutions commit to academic excellence and foster positive student experiences. During holiday periods, when learners might face difficulties reaching teachers, chatbots become valuable tools for assistance. They facilitate communication of homework details, schedules, and answer queries. Furthermore, they aid in conducting assessments, even in courses requiring subjective evaluations. These AI-driven tools create an inclusive studying environment by catering to diverse educational styles and abilities.

They offer a scalable solution to this challenge by providing personalized assistance and support to students on a large scale. In the fall of 2018, CSUN opted to test CSUNny by allowing half of all first-time freshmen access to the chatbot and measuring their success against a control group that did not use CSUNny. “There is a whole host of research suggesting that that feeling of belonging is one of the biggest predictors of retention and graduation,” she says. Georgia State University developed Pounce, an AI-powered chatbot designed to assist students during the enrollment process. Another interesting study was the one presented in (Law et al., 2020), where the authors explored how fourth and fifth-grade students interacted with a chatbot to teach it about several topics such as science and history. The students appreciated that the robot was attentive, curious, and eager to learn.

Undeniably, the enrollment and registration process can often be daunting for students, but chatbots are here to simplify the journey. Higher education chatbots walk students through the enrollment process, providing relevant information, addressing queries, and resolving issues along the way. And, they ensure a smooth and seamless experience for students, setting the stage for a positive academic journey. You cannot ignore the fact that educational diversity is a hallmark of modern classrooms. Chatbots are adept at catering to the varied learning styles and needs of students.

Furthermore, some authors have examined the ability of chatbots to promote self-directed learning, given their wide availability and capacity for personalized responses (Annamalai et al., 2023). Nonetheless, certain researchers, including Ayedoun et al. (2015) and Fryer et al. (2019), have indicated that the initial enthusiasm and engagement students show towards chatbots may be short-lived, attributing this to the novelty effect of this technology. One of the significant advantages of chatbots in education industry is their ability to offer immediate feedback. This quick response mechanism is capable of asking about specific aspects of the session or course. Such programs gather comments on various subjects like study material, teaching approaches, assignments, and more.

Finally, the seventh question discusses the challenges and limitations of the works behind the proposed chatbots and potential solutions to such challenges. The adoption of educational chatbots is on the rise due to their ability to provide a cost-effective method to engage students and provide a personalized learning experience (Benotti et al., 2018). Chatbot adoption is especially crucial in online classes that include many students where individual support from educators to students is challenging (Winkler & Söllner, 2018). Moreover, chatbots may interact with students individually (Hobert & Meyer von Wolff, 2019) or support collaborative learning activities (Chaudhuri et al., 2009; Tegos et al., 2014; Kumar & Rose, 2010; Stahl, 2006; Walker et al., 2011).

They play a crucial role in personalizing learning materials, recommending supplemental resources, and adapting instructional strategies to optimize student learning outcomes. This data-driven approach ensures that educational content is relevant, engaging, and tailored to meet the diverse needs of learners. Also, they provide educators with valuable data-driven insights into student progress and learning outcomes. This analytical intelligence informs instructional strategies, curriculum development, and targeted interventions.

All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the Creative Commons licensing terms apply. Like creating PowerPoint slides, you can manually define a main chat flow or ask AI to auto-generate one.

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This study focuses on using chatbots as a learning assistant from an educational perspective by comparing the educational implications with a traditional classroom. Therefore, the outcomes of this study reflected only on the pedagogical outcomes intended for design education and project-based learning and not the interaction behaviors. As users, the students may have different or higher expectations of EC, which are potentially a spillover from use behavior from chatbots from different service industries. Moreover, questions to ponder are the ethical implication of using EC, especially out of the learning scheduled time, and if such practices are welcomed, warranted, and accepted by today’s learner as a much-needed learning strategy. Therefore, future studies should look into educators’ challenges, needs, and competencies and align them in fulfill EC facilitated learning goals. Furthermore, there is much to be explored in understanding the complex dynamics of human–computer interaction in realizing such a goal, especially educational goals that are currently being influenced by the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic.

An intuitive and user-friendly interface enriches the overall user experience and encourages interaction (Chocarro et al., 2021; Yang, 2022). Additionally, the incorporation of engaging multimedia content, including videos, images, and other emerging technologies, can also increase users’ attention and engagement (Jang et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2019). Table 5 shows the results of the three items included in the DEX dimension. For the interaction, detailed instructions were provided via Moodle, with the aim not to measure the participants’ English learning progress, but to enable critical analysis of each AIC as future educators. This assessment was aligned with the CHISM scale, which was completed in a post-survey. A minimum interaction of three hours per week with each AIC, or 48 h over a month across all AICs, was requested from each participant.

Such a contribution also offers networking opportunities and support for current students. Additionally, this will positively impact the brand image, attracting potential applicants and stakeholders. Through AI and ML capabilities, bots help to access relevant materials and submit tasks. Implementing innovative technologies, establishments will ensure continuous learning beyond the classroom.

Claude has a simple text interface that makes talking to it feel natural. You can ask questions or give instructions, like chatting with someone. It works well with apps like Slack, so you can get help while you work.

In the cases of CSUN and Georgia State, their chatbots began as an extension of their admissions offices. At CSUN, students were first introduced to CSUNny when they submitted their deposits. The chatbot then guided them through the rest of the enrollment process, reminding them to stay on top of financial aid applications and helping them stay connected until they visited campus for the first time. Chatbots have affordances that can take out-in-the-world learning to the next level.

This flexibility eliminates barriers to access, accommodates diverse learning preferences, and empowers students to engage with their studies at their convenience. These represent a dynamic fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and education. Also, it is revolutionizing the traditional methods of teaching and learning. Concerning the educational setting, Spanish participants interacted more frequently with all four AICs compared to Czech students.

Moreover, according to Cunningham-Nelson et al. (2019), one of the key benefits of EC is that it can support a large number of users simultaneously, which is undeniably an added advantage as it reduces instructors’ workload. Colace et al. (2018) describe ECs as instrumental when dealing with multiple students, especially testing behavior, keeping track of progress, and assigning tasks. Furthermore, ECs were also found to increase autonomous learning skills and tend to reduce the need for face-to-face interaction between instructors and students (Kumar & Silva, 2020; Yin et al., 2021). Conversely, this is an added advantage for online learning during the onset of the pandemic.

AI-powered chatbots are designed to mimic human conversation using text or voice interaction, providing information in a conversational manner. Chatbots’ history dates back to the 1960s and over the decades chatbots have evolved significantly, driven by advancements educational chatbots in technology and the growing demand for automated communication systems. Created by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT in 1966, ELIZA was one of the earliest chatbot programs (Weizenbaum, 1966). ELIZA could mimic human-like responses by reflecting user inputs as questions.

Some studies mentioned limitations such as inadequate or insufficient dataset training, lack of user-centered design, students losing interest in the chatbot over time, and some distractions. As an example of an evaluation study, the researchers in (Ruan et al., 2019) assessed students’ reactions and behavior while using ‘BookBuddy,’ a chatbot that helps students read books. The researchers recorded the facial expressions of the participants using webcams.

The free version gives users access to GPT 3.5 Turbo, a fast AI language model perfect for conversations about any industry, topic, or interest. The following AI chatbots have been carefully selected based on various factors, including ease of use, features, functionality, pros and cons, and customer reviews. These chatbots will share many of the same capabilities as ChatGPT, but they each have their own areas of expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI) powered chatbots are revolutionizing how we get work done. You’ve likely heard about ChatGPT, but that is only the tip of the iceberg.

Go to claude.ai/login and sign in with an email address or Google account to access the Claude chatbot. They said that instead, Apple thought the new deal would bring OpenAI’s technology closer to hundreds of millions of users and would be of equal or greater value than a cash payment. Two popular platforms, Shopify and Etsy, have the potential to turn those dreams into reality. Buckle up because we’re diving into Shopify vs. Etsy to see which fits your unique business goals!